郡群布農語子音(1): p, t, c, k, b, d (Isbukun Bunun Consonant Sounds (1): p, t, c, k , b, d)

郡群布農語書寫及發音
Writing and Pronunciation in Isbukun Bunun

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Disclaimer:  The audio files provided on this site were made of and by me unless otherwise indicated. Nevertheless, I am neither a native speaker nor a teacher of any indigenous language. The sound samples are meant for reference only.

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特殊符號：

• 連字號(-)：用以區分音節。例如"hai-ap"（意為「知道」）表示該詞須切割為”hai”及”ap”兩個音節，而非”ha”及”iap”兩個音節。
• 尖音符(ˊ)：用以標記重音音節。若無尖音符則表示重音落在倒數第二音節。

Special symbols：

• Hyphen (-): indicates syllable boundaries. For instance, “hai-ap” (meaning “know”) means the word consists of syllables “hai” and “ap”, but not “ha” and “iap” (or other possibilities).
• Acute accent (ˊ): indicates the stressed syllable. In the absence of the acute accent, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable by default.

重音：
重音落在非末音節的時候，重音音節讀高平調〔相當於華語的第一聲〕；而重音落在末音節時，重音音節讀高降調〔相當於華語的第四聲〕。

Stress:

The stressed syllable is pronounced with a high level pitch when the stress falls on the non-final syllable, and with a high falling pitch when the stress falls on the last syllable.

變音:

• 在i之前或之後的s通常顎化為[ʃ]
• 在詞尾的v和z通常清化為[f]和[θ]

Phonological changes:

• “s” before or after “i” is usually palatalized into [ʃ].
• “v” and “z” at the word-finally position are usually devoiced into [f] and [θ] respectively.

參考資料：

• 《原住民族語基礎教材: 字母篇》，行政院原住民委員會，民100
• Isbukun布農語構詞法研究，讀冊文化，民90

References:

• Basic Teaching Materials of the Indigenous Languages: Letters, Council of Indigenous Peoples, Executive Yuan, 2011

Study on the Morphology of Isbukun Bunun，Ducewenhua，2001

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