郡群布農語母音(Isbukun Bunun Vowel Sounds)

郡群布農語書寫及發音
Writing and Pronunciation in Isbukun Bunun

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免責聲明：本站所提供之音檔，除非另外註明出處，係皆由站長參照音韻規律錄製而成，然站長既非母語人士、亦非族語教師，故此處之音檔僅供學習參考之用。

Disclaimer:  The audio files provided on this site were made of and by me unless otherwise indicated. Nevertheless, I am neither a native speaker nor a teacher of any indigenous language. The sound samples are meant for reference only.

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特殊符號：

• 連字號(-)：用以區分音節。例如"hai-ap"（意為「知道」）表示該詞須切割為”hai”及”ap”兩個音節，而非”ha”及”iap”兩個音節。
• 尖音符(ˊ)：用以標記重音音節。若無尖音符則表示重音落在倒數第二音節。

Special symbols：

• Hyphen (-): indicates syllable boundaries. For instance, “hai-ap” (meaning “know”) means the word consists of syllables “hai” and “ap”, but not “ha” and “iap” (or other possibilities).
• Acute accent (ˊ): indicates the stressed syllable. In the absence of the acute accent, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable by default.

重音：
重音落在非末音節的時候，重音音節讀高平調〔相當於華語的第一聲〕；而重音落在末音節時，重音音節讀高降調〔相當於華語的第四聲〕。

Stress:

The stressed syllable is pronounced with a high level pitch when the stress falls on the non-final syllable, and with a high falling pitch when the stress falls on the last syllable.

變音:

• 在i之前或之後的s通常顎化為[ʃ]
• 在詞尾的v和z通常清化為[f]和[θ]

Phonological changes:

• “s” before or after “i” is usually palatalized into [ʃ].
• “v” and “z” at the word-finally position are usually devoiced into [f] and [θ] respectively.

參考資料：

• 《原住民族語基礎教材: 字母篇》，行政院原住民委員會，民100
• Isbukun布農語構詞法研究，讀冊文化，民90

References:

• Basic Teaching Materials of the Indigenous Languages: Letters, Council of Indigenous Peoples, Executive Yuan, 2011
• Study on the Morphology of Isbukun Bunun，Ducewenhua，2001

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

郡群布農語書寫系統簡介(Intro to the Writing System of Isbukun Bunun)

郡群布農語書寫系統簡介
Introduction to the Writing System of Isbukun Bunun

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郡群布農語總共有17個字母，其中3個為母音字母，14個為子音字母。字母及其發音分別如下：

There are 17 letters in Isbukun Bunun, 3 of which are vowels while the remaining 14 are consonants. The letters and their corresponding pronunciations in International Phonetic Alphabet are as follows:

[母音] (Vowels)

郡群布農語字母 (Isbukun Bunun  letters)	國際音標 (International Phonetic Alphabet)
a	/a/
i	/i/
u	/u/

[子音] (Consonants)

郡群布農語字母 (Isbukun Bunun  letters)	國際音標 (International Phonetic Alphabet)
b	/b/
c	/ʦ/
d	/d/
h	/x/ or /χ/
k	/k˭/
l	/l/ or /ɬ/
m	/m/
n	/n/
ng	/ŋ/
p	/p˭/
s	/s/
t	/t˭/
v	/v/
z	/ð/

[特殊符號]

• 連字號(-)：用以區分音節，其功能類似法語之分音符
  

  (¨)

  。例如"hai-ap"（意為「知道」）表示該詞須切割為”hai”及”ap”兩個音節，而非”ha”及”iap”兩個音節。
• 尖音符(ˊ)：郡群布農語單純詞重音絕大多數落在倒數第二個音節上，但仍有部分單純詞的重音是落在最後一個音節上，甚至有些衍生詞的重音是落在倒數第三個音節上，為便於區分，站長借鏡西班牙語，採用尖音符標記重音落在倒數第二個音節以外的情況。換言之，尖音符出現處即為重音之所在，若無尖音符則重音落在倒數第二音節。此與《原住民族語言書寫系統》中使用兩個相同母音的做法有所不同。例如，「小孩」這個詞根據《原》的系統必須寫為“uvaaz”，而在此處寫成“uváz”。然而，若衍生詞中兩詞素之銜接處恰好為相同母音，則仍重複書寫該母音，而不使用尖音符。例如，ta-aza（意為「聽」）加上表命令之後綴-a之後，重音移到最後一個音節，寫成ta-azaa，而不寫成ta-azá，目的在彰顯該詞由多個詞素所組成。尖音符可視為教學的輔助工具，而非書寫系統的必要成份。南投地區的郡群布農語與其他地區的郡群布農語的不同之處在於前者重音絕大多數落在最後一個音節上。

[Special symbols]

• Hyphen (-): The hyphen is used to indicate syllable boundaries, which functions like the diaeresis (or umlaut) in French. For instance, “hai-ap” (meaning “know”) means the word consists of syllables “hai” and “ap”, but not “ha” and “iap” (or other possibilities).
• Acute accent (ˊ): The stress of monomorphemic words in Isbukun Bunun by and large falls on the penultimate syllable. However, there are some exceptional cases where the stress falls on the last syllable instead. In the case of polymorphemic words, the stress may even fall on the antepenultimate syllable. Following the convention in Spanish, I use the acute accent  to mark cases where the stress is not on the penultimate syllable. That is, the acute accent always indicates where the stress is, and when there is not acute accent the stress falls on the penultimate syllable by default. The use of acute accent differs from the suggested convention in Writing Systems of the Indigenous Peoples (WSIP), where two identical vowels at the end of a word are used to indicate that the stress falls on the last syllable, not the default penultimate syllable. For example, the word for “child” is written as uvaaz  in WSIP, but as uváz here. However, in the case of polymorphemic words where the morpheme boundary happens to be two identical vowels, the acute accent is not used and the two identical vowels are preserved in orthography. For instance, the imperative form (marked by the suffix -a) of the verb ta-aza (meaning “listen to”) is written as ta-azaa but not as ta-azá in order to facilitate the recognition of multiple morphemes. The acute accent can be treated as an auxiliary aid for teaching pronunciation, and not as a necessary element in the writing system. The Nantou variety of Isbukun Bunun differs from other varieties because its stress typically falls on the ultimate syllable.  

參考資料：民國94年由行政院原住民委員會公告之《原住民族語言書寫系統》

Reference: Writing Systems of the Indigenous Peoples announced by Council of Indigenous Peoples, Executive Yuan in 2005

一起來聽聽看郡群布農語的美妙聲音吧！
(Let's get the feel of how Isbukun Bunun sounds!)



This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.