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10/02/2012

郡群布農語子音(2): l, m, n, ng (Isbukun Bunun Consonant Sounds (2): l, m, n, ng)



郡群布農語書寫及發音
Writing and Pronunciation in Isbukun Bunun



免責聲明:本站所提供之音檔,除非另外註明出處,係皆由站長參照音韻規律錄製而成,然站長既非母語人士、亦非族語教師,故此處之音檔僅供學習參考之用。

Disclaimer:  The audio files provided on this site were made of and by me unless otherwise indicated. Nevertheless, I am neither a native speaker nor a teacher of any indigenous language. The sound samples are meant for reference only.


特殊符號:
  • 連字號(-):用以區分音節。例如"hai-ap"(意為「知道」)表示該詞須切割為”hai”及”ap”兩個音節,而非”ha”及”iap”兩個音節。
  • 尖音符(ˊ):用以標記重音音節。若無尖音符則表示重音落在倒數第二音節。

Special symbols:
  • Hyphen (-): indicates syllable boundaries. For instance, “hai-ap” (meaning “know”) means the word consists of syllables “hai” and “ap”, but not “ha” and “iap” (or other possibilities).
  • Acute accent (ˊ): indicates the stressed syllable. In the absence of the acute accent, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable by default.

重音:
重音落在非末音節的時候,重音音節讀高平調〔相當於華語的第一聲〕;而重音落在末音節時,重音音節讀高降調〔相當於華語的第四聲〕。

Stress:
The stressed syllable is pronounced with a high level pitch when the stress falls on the non-final syllable, and with a high falling pitch when the stress falls on the last syllable.

變音:

  • 在相同音節當中,i之前或之後的s通常顎化為[ɕ]
  • 在詞尾的v和z通常清化為[f]和[θ]

Phonological changes:

  • “s” before or after “i” in the same syllable is usually palatalized into [ɕ].
  • “v” and “z” at the word-final position are usually devoiced into [f] and [θ] respectively.

參考資料:
  • 《原住民族語基礎教材: 字母篇》,行政院原住民委員會,民100
  • Isbukun布農語構詞法研究,讀冊文化,民90

References:
  • Basic Teaching Materials of the Indigenous Languages: Letters, Council of Indigenous Peoples, Executive Yuan, 2011
Study on the Morphology of Isbukun Bunun,Ducewenhua,2001

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3 comments:

  1. Could you tell me what the definition of "syllable" is and how we can find syllable boundaries in Bunun words. For example, the word [haiap] "to know" consists of two syllables [hai] and [ap], but not [ha] and [iap] in your analysis. Why can't we syllabify this word into [ha] and [iap]? Why do you reject analysis such as [ha-yap] or [hai-yap]? How about the words like [baial] (cf. Takbanuaz [baihal])?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. The written form "hai-ap" is intended as an orthographic convention that reflects speaker's intuition, not as a theoretical analysis of Isbukun syllable structure. For the latter purpose, please refer to the following works:
      Huang, Hui-Chuan J. 2008. Competition between syllabic and metrical constraints in two Bunun dialects. Linguistics 46.1–32.
      Huang, Hui-Chuan J. 2006. Resolving vowel clusters : a comparison of Isbukun Bunun and Squliq Atayal. Language and Linguistics 7.1–26.

      Delete
  2. RE Motoyasu Nojima:
    1. Your point about the palatalization of /s/ is well taken. Compared with [ʃ], [ɕ] is closer to the allophone of /s/ before or after /i/ in the same syllable.
    2. As pointed out in the disclaimer at the very beginning of the post, the speaker in the recording is NOT a native speaker of Isbukun. So, it’s not surprising at all to find him occasionally voicing /c/ in the intervocalic position. But good observation though!

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